By James Walker Ā |Ā Home Automation & Security Editor
Quick Answer:
Smart locks can be a safe and practical choice for most homes when you choose a reputable brand, keep firmware updated, use a strong password, and enable two-factor authentication. No lock is completely risk-free, but well-chosen smart locks offer security that is comparable to ā and in some ways exceeds ā traditional deadbolts.
You’ve probably seen smart locks popping up in home improvement stores and all over social media, and the question that comes up again and again is: are smart locks safe? It’s a fair question. These devices replace the familiar deadbolt with wireless technology, smartphone apps, and keypads ā and any time a lock connects to the internet, it’s reasonable to wonder whether that opens a door, literally or figuratively, to new risks.
In this guide, I’ll walk through how smart locks actually work, the real security and privacy risks involved, what makes one model safer than another, and the practical steps you can take to protect your home. Whether you’re a renter considering a retrofit lock or a homeowner ready to upgrade your entire entry system, this article covers what you need to make a confident, informed decision.
Hacking Risks & Protections
Battery & Backup Access
Privacy & Data Security
Best Practices & Setup Tips
ā ļø Safety & Educational Disclaimer
This article is for general educational and purchasing guidance only. It does not guarantee security outcomes or replace advice from a licensed installer, electrician, or security professional. Some installations may require licensed electrical work or local permit compliance. Always check your local building codes and consult a qualified professional when needed.
How Smart Locks Actually Work
A smart lock replaces or augments the standard deadbolt cylinder on your door with an electronic mechanism that can be controlled without a traditional metal key. Instead of inserting a key, you authenticate using a PIN code on a keypad, a smartphone app over Bluetooth or Wi-Fi, a fingerprint scanner, or a key fob. Some models support all of these at once.
Most smart locks sit on the interior side of your door and work with your existing deadbolt hardware ā meaning the visible exterior portion can look nearly identical to a traditional lock. The electronic components handle the turning of the bolt, while the physical deadbolt and strike plate remain the primary mechanical barrier.
Under the hood, smart locks typically communicate using one or more wireless protocols: Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) for short-range phone-to-lock communication, Wi-Fi for remote control from anywhere, Z-Wave or Zigbee when paired with a smart home hub, and increasingly, the newer Matter standard for broader platform compatibility. Each protocol has its own range, power draw, and security profile, which affects how the lock behaves in daily use and how it should be configured for safety.
š Note
Not all smart locks require a Wi-Fi connection. Bluetooth-only models communicate only when your phone is nearby, which reduces remote-access convenience but also limits exposure to remote hacking attempts. Consider this trade-off based on how important remote control is to your daily routine.
Smart Lock Wireless Protocols Compared
Understanding which wireless technology your lock uses helps you set it up securely and anticipate its limitations. The table below compares the four most common protocols.
The Real Security Risks of Smart Locks
When people ask whether smart locks are safe, they usually have one of three concerns in mind: can the lock be hacked remotely, can it be physically forced open, or what happens if the battery dies? These are all valid questions, and the honest answer is that each risk exists ā but each can also be managed with the right setup choices and habits.
Cyber and Remote Access Risks
Because smart locks connect to wireless networks, they are potentially reachable by anyone with the right tools and motivation. Real-world examples do exist: government security researchers identified a severe flaw in the Chirp Systems app that could have allowed unauthorized users to control smart locks remotely. Hard-coded credentials have been found in certain budget models, putting an estimated tens of thousands of homes at potential risk before patches were issued.
That said, the likelihood of a targeted remote attack on a residential smart lock remains low for most homeowners. Reputable brands use AES encryption for data in transit, implement rolling authentication codes that change with each unlock attempt, and release firmware patches when vulnerabilities are discovered. The bigger practical risk is often not sophisticated hacking but poor user habits ā weak PINs, reused passwords, or skipping software updates for months at a time.
š§ Smart Lock Installation & Setup Flow
Follow these steps in order to set up your smart lock safely. Skipping steps ā especially Steps 3 and 5 ā is where most security gaps occur.
Measure your door thickness (most locks fit 1ā ”ā1Ā¾”). Confirm the existing deadbolt backset (2ā ” or 2Ā¾”).
Remove the old interior lock assembly. Mount the smart lock’s interior module. No wiring is needed for battery-powered models.
Use a unique password ā never the default. Choose a PIN that isn’t your birthday or address number. Enable 2FA immediately.
Use a 2.4GHz or 5GHz home network secured with WPA2 or WPA3. Avoid connecting to guest networks or public Wi-Fi.
Check for firmware updates right after setup. Enable automatic updates if the app offers it. This closes known vulnerabilities before they can be exploited.
Verify keypad, app unlock, and backup key (if applicable) before relying on the lock. Check the auto-lock timer is set appropriately.
This flow applies to most retrofit battery-powered smart locks. Smart locks that require hardwired power or integration with an alarm panel may need professional installation.
Physical Security Considerations
Smart locks are often judged by their digital security, but their physical strength matters just as much. A smart lock is only as secure as the deadbolt mechanism and the door frame it sits in. If the strike plate is secured with short screws or the door frame is weak, no amount of encryption will prevent a forced entry.
When evaluating physical security, look for ANSI/BHMA Grade 1 certification, which is the highest residential and light commercial rating. Grade 1 locks are tested to withstand 250,000 lock/unlock cycles and significant forced-entry attempts. The UL 294 standard from Underwriters Laboratories separately evaluates electronic locking assemblies for forced-entry and fire resistance. A lock carrying both ratings offers a meaningful baseline of physical and electrical reliability.
Safe Setup Versus Risky Setup
The difference between a secure smart lock installation and a vulnerable one often comes down to a handful of configuration choices made in the first hour. Use this table as a quick reference.
Smart Locks vs. Traditional Locks: An Honest Comparison
One of the most common objections to smart locks is that traditional deadbolts have “worked fine for decades.” That’s true ā but the comparison isn’t as simple as old versus new. Each type has meaningful strengths and real weaknesses, and the best choice depends on your home setup, habits, and risk tolerance.
Traditional locks don’t connect to the internet, so they have no remote attack surface. But they can be picked, bumped, or copied if someone gets hold of your key, and they offer no activity logging, no remote control, and no temporary access management. Smart locks address most of those gaps ā but introduce the cyber risk dimension that traditional locks don’t have.
š Security Layer Priority Meter
Practical guide ā relative importance for a typical home smart lock setup. Not based on scientific research data.
Battery Life, Lockouts, and Backup Access
One of the most practical concerns about smart locks is what happens when the battery dies. The answer depends entirely on the model you choose, which is why backup access methods deserve serious attention before you buy.
Most smart locks run on AA or AAA batteries and typically last 6 to 12 months under normal use. Wi-Fi-enabled models tend to drain batteries faster than Bluetooth-only ones. Some locks send a low-battery alert to your phone app days or weeks before the battery dies, giving you ample time to swap them. This is a feature worth confirming before purchase.
For the case where the battery does reach zero, smart locks generally offer one or more emergency access options. A physical key slot hidden behind the exterior panel is the most common. Some models use a 9-volt battery terminal on the exterior keypad ā touching a 9-volt battery to the terminal provides just enough power to enter your PIN and unlock the door. A very small number of premium locks support USB-C emergency charging on the exterior.
š” Tip
Keep a spare 9-volt battery in your car’s glove box. Many popular smart locks with keypads ā including models from Schlage and Kwikset ā allow you to touch a 9-volt battery to the exterior contacts to power the keypad in an emergency. Check your specific model’s manual to confirm whether this applies.
Common Smart Lock Problems and Likely Causes
When a smart lock stops working as expected, the issue is usually one of a small set of common causes. Use this table to quickly identify where to start troubleshooting.
Privacy and Data Security: What Your Smart Lock Knows About You
Every time a smart lock is used, it generates a log entry: who unlocked it, at what time, and through which method. Over weeks and months, that activity log tells a detailed story about who comes and goes from your home, and when. Understanding where that data lives and who has access to it is an important part of deciding whether a specific smart lock is right for your household.
Most smart locks store activity logs in the manufacturer’s cloud server. This means the data travels from your door to the lock’s app to a remote server ā and potentially sits there indefinitely. Review the manufacturer’s privacy policy before purchasing to understand what data is collected, how long it is retained, whether it is sold or shared with third parties, and whether it can be deleted on your request.
The CISA (Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency) provides general guidance on securing smart home devices, including the value of network segmentation ā placing IoT devices on a separate network segment or guest Wi-Fi so that a compromised device can’t reach your main computers or sensitive data. For a home smart lock, putting it on a dedicated IoT VLAN or guest Wi-Fi is a practical step that many security-conscious users implement. You can find CISA’s smart home guidance at cisa.gov.
š Smart Lock Privacy Decision Path
Work through these questions to understand and reduce your data exposure.
Does your lock require a cloud account?
Yes ā Read the privacy policy. Look for: data retention period, sharing with third parties, deletion rights. No local-only option ā Consider a Bluetooth-only model with no cloud dependency.
Is your home Wi-Fi on WPA2 or WPA3?
Yes ā Good baseline. Also change the default router admin password. No / Unsure ā Check router settings now. Older WEP encryption is not secure enough for IoT devices.
Are your IoT devices on a separate network?
Yes ā Good practice ā a compromised smart lock can’t reach your laptops or phones. No ā Check if your router supports a guest or IoT network. Many modern routers include this at no cost.
Did you enable two-factor authentication?
Yes ā Your account requires a second verification step ā this significantly reduces unauthorized access risk. No ā Enable it in the app now. It typically takes under two minutes to set up.
ā ļø Warning
Be cautious of smart locks from manufacturers with limited track records for software support. Budget models may receive firmware patches for only a year or two after purchase. A lock that is no longer supported by its manufacturer may remain vulnerable to security issues discovered after support ends. Before buying, check whether the manufacturer has a published policy for long-term firmware support.
What Experienced Smart Home Users Check That Beginners Often Miss
After spending time setting up and living with smart locks, a few habits emerge that separate secure, reliable setups from ones that quietly accumulate risk. These aren’t difficult ā they’re just easy to skip when you’re excited to get the new lock working.
Audit Guest Codes Regularly
Over time, temporary codes for dog walkers, house guests, and service workers can accumulate. Experienced users review all active access codes quarterly and delete any that are no longer needed. A code that was “just for the weekend” should never still be active months later.
Review the Activity Log
The access log is one of the most useful features a smart lock offers ā and one of the most ignored. Checking it weekly or monthly helps you catch unexpected entries, confirm that auto-lock is working as intended, and identify any access patterns that seem off.
Test Backup Entry Methods
Many users never test their backup key or emergency battery method until they’re locked out at night. Experienced users run a quick test every few months ā confirming the backup key works, the 9-volt emergency trick applies to their model, and batteries are in good health.
Check for Manufacturer Updates
Even locks with auto-update enabled sometimes require a manual trigger to apply the latest firmware. Checking the lock’s settings page in the companion app every month or two ā and confirming the firmware version matches the latest available ā takes only a few seconds and can close real security gaps.
Which Type of Smart Lock Fits Your Home?
Not every smart lock is the right fit for every home. Renters, homeowners with large families, vacation rental hosts, and people in extreme climates all have different requirements. Use the table below to identify the features most relevant to your situation before shopping.
Smart Lock Fit Guide by Home Type
š© Smart Lock Red-Flag Checklist
If any of these apply to your current setup, it may be worth reviewing your configuration before continuing to rely on the lock.
š“ Default or weak PIN code still active
Change your PIN immediately to a random 6+ digit code that doesn’t match your address, birthday, or phone number.
š“ Firmware has never been updated
Open the companion app and check the firmware version. If it’s more than 6 months behind the current release, update it now.
š“ Two-factor authentication is off
Without 2FA, anyone who learns your app password can remotely control the lock. Enable it in account settings today.
š“ Old guest codes still active
If you’ve shared codes with anyone who no longer needs access, delete them. Review all access codes in the app now.
š“ No backup access method available
Relying on a single access method creates lockout risk. Confirm your model’s backup option (key, emergency PIN, 9V terminal) and test it.
š“ Manufacturer discontinued support
If the company no longer releases updates for your model, it may be time to consider a replacement from a brand with active firmware support.
Common Smart Lock Buying Mistakes (And Better Choices)
The most common reasons people end up disappointed with a smart lock usually have nothing to do with the lock’s digital security ā they’re practical compatibility and setup issues that could have been avoided with a few extra minutes of research before purchase.
Smart Lock Buying Mistakes vs. Better Choices
š”ļø Safety Note
A smart lock secures the deadbolt ā but total entry security also depends on the door frame, hinges, and strike plate. In my testing experience, a door with a weak frame or short hinge screws can still be forced even with an excellent smart lock installed. If you’re upgrading your lock for security reasons, consider reinforcing the entire door assembly, not just the lock hardware.
Affiliate Disclosure
This article may contain affiliate links. If you buy through these links, we may earn a small commission at no extra cost to you. We only mention products that are relevant to the topic and do not replace advice from a qualified installer or professional.
Schlage Encode Plus Smart WiFi Deadbolt
This Wi-Fi enabled deadbolt may support daily home security routines with built-in alarm technology, Apple Home compatibility, and a built-in alarm. It includes a backup key slot, offers ANSI Grade 1 certification, and can be managed via a companion app for code access and activity logging. Suitable for single-family homeowners looking for a well-regarded brand with an active firmware support history.
Kwikset Halo Touch Smart Lock with Fingerprint Access
This fingerprint + app deadbolt may make daily access easier for households where keypad entry is inconvenient. It includes Wi-Fi built in (no hub required), a physical key backup, and app-based code management. It can support access logging and temporary code creation for guests or service providers. A useful option to evaluate for homeowners interested in biometric access combined with traditional backup methods.
š Smart Lock Type Fit Dashboard
Match your primary use case to the lock type most likely to suit it. All types benefit from the same security best practices.
šµ Bluetooth Only
Best for: Privacy-focused users who don’t need remote access. Lower battery drain. No cloud dependency. Works only when your phone is nearby.
š¶ Wi-Fi Deadbolt
Best for: Homeowners who want remote lock/unlock from anywhere. Requires a strong Wi-Fi signal at the door. Higher battery use; check for low-battery alerts.
š Z-Wave / Hub-Based
Best for: Smart home enthusiasts integrating locks into automation routines. Requires a compatible hub (SmartThings, Hubitat, etc.). Excellent for larger homes.
š Matter / Thread
Best for: Users invested in multi-platform smart homes (Apple, Google, Amazon). Growing device selection. Requires a Thread border router in the home.
š§ When to Contact a Professional
Most smart lock installations are DIY-friendly and require only a screwdriver. However, there are situations where calling a licensed locksmith or security professional makes sense:
- Your door frame is damaged or the deadbolt is significantly misaligned ā a professional can ensure the door and frame are properly aligned before a new lock is installed.
- You are installing a smart lock that requires hardwired power (uncommon in residential settings, but it exists) ā this should be handled by a licensed electrician.
- You manage a multi-unit rental property and want to integrate smart access with a building-wide access control system ā a professional security integrator can advise on compliant, reliable solutions.
- You are in a rental and need to verify whether any door hardware modification is permitted under your lease ā consult your landlord or property manager first.
- You are unsure whether a smart lock is compatible with a non-standard door thickness, unusual backset, or existing mortise lock setup ā a locksmith can assess this quickly.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can smart locks be hacked?
Smart locks can have vulnerabilities, as with any internet-connected device. Real-world incidents have included flaws in companion apps and hard-coded credentials in certain budget models. However, the practical risk to most homeowners is low when you choose a reputable brand, keep firmware updated, use a strong and unique account password, and enable two-factor authentication. The bigger day-to-day risk is often poor user habits rather than sophisticated cyberattacks.
What happens if the battery dies on a smart lock?
Most smart locks have at least one backup access method. Common options include a physical key slot hidden behind the exterior panel, a 9-volt battery terminal on the exterior keypad that provides emergency power to enter a PIN, or USB-C emergency charging on some newer models. The best smart locks also send low-battery alerts to the companion app days or weeks before the battery is fully depleted. Always confirm your model’s backup method before relying solely on app or PIN access.
Are smart locks safe for renters?
Smart locks can work for renters, but you need to review your lease first. Many standard leases prohibit altering door hardware without landlord approval. Retrofit smart locks ā which install only on the interior side and leave the exterior hardware unchanged ā are often a practical option that avoids this issue. Always check with your landlord or property manager before making any installation. Some landlords are open to the upgrade, especially if you agree to restore the original hardware when you move out.
Are smart locks safer than traditional deadbolts?
The honest answer is that both types have different strengths. Traditional deadbolts have no digital attack surface, but they can be picked, key-bumped, or compromised if a key is lost or copied. Smart locks add digital risks but also offer access logging, temporary codes, remote monitoring, and the elimination of physical key duplication. Neither type is perfectly secure. The overall security of your entry depends on the lock grade, the door frame and strike plate, and how carefully you manage access ā regardless of whether the lock is smart or traditional.
What certifications should I look for in a smart lock?
For physical security, look for ANSI/BHMA Grade 1 certification, which is the highest residential and light commercial rating and tests for forced-entry resistance, cycle life, and durability. For electronic security, UL 294 from Underwriters Laboratories evaluates electrically controlled locking assemblies. Not every smart lock carries both, and certification does not guarantee perfect security, but it provides a meaningful baseline to compare models objectively.
How do I improve the privacy of my smart lock?
Start by reading the manufacturer’s privacy policy to understand what data is collected and how long it is stored. Enable two-factor authentication on your account. Secure your home Wi-Fi with WPA2 or WPA3 and change the default router password. If your router supports it, place the smart lock on a separate IoT network or guest Wi-Fi segment so it cannot communicate with your computers or phones if compromised. Regularly delete access logs and guest codes that are no longer needed, and review your account’s connected devices periodically.
Do smart locks work during a power outage or internet outage?
Most smart locks are battery-powered and do not require household power to operate. A power outage at your home will not typically affect a battery-powered smart lock’s basic functionality. However, during an internet outage, features that depend on cloud connectivity ā such as remote unlocking via the app, receiving access log notifications, or syncing guest codes ā may not work until connectivity is restored. Keypad entry and Bluetooth phone-to-lock access generally continue to function locally without an internet connection.
Final Thoughts
So, are smart locks safe? For most homeowners, the answer is yes ā provided you choose a well-regarded brand with an active firmware support history, configure it carefully from day one, and maintain a few simple security habits over time. No lock, smart or traditional, offers absolute protection. What smart locks do offer is a meaningful layer of convenience, visibility, and access control that traditional deadbolts simply can’t match.
The risks that come with smart locks are real but largely manageable. A strong account password, two-factor authentication, up-to-date firmware, and a secure home Wi-Fi network address the vast majority of the digital risk profile. Physical security ā including door frame reinforcement and a Grade 1 rated lock ā addresses the rest.
If you are considering a smart lock that requires hardwired power, integration with a complex access control system, or installation on a non-standard door, consult a licensed locksmith or security professional. Always review your local building codes and, if you rent, your lease agreement before making any permanent changes to door hardware.