By James Walker | Home Automation & Security Editor
Quick Answer: Yes, people can hack into smart locks — through Bluetooth signal interception, Wi-Fi credential theft, brute-force PIN attacks, relay attacks, and outdated firmware exploits. However, using a strong unique password, enabling two-factor authentication, keeping firmware updated, and choosing a lock with PIN lockout protection significantly reduces your exposure to these threats.
Smart locks are increasingly replacing traditional deadbolts in homes across the country. They offer real convenience — keyless entry, remote access, digital guest codes, and app-based monitoring. But if you have found yourself wondering whether people can hack into smart locks, you are asking exactly the right question before trusting one with your front door. The short answer is yes, it is technically possible. The more useful answer covers how it happens, which locks are more exposed, and what you can do right now to make your home a much harder target.
Bluetooth & Wi-Fi Attacks
Account Security
Firmware & Updates
Buying & Setup Guidance
⚠ Disclaimer: This article is for general educational and purchasing guidance only. It does not guarantee security outcomes or replace advice from a licensed installer, electrician, or security professional. Some installations may require licensed electrical work or local permit compliance. Always check your local building codes and consult a qualified professional when needed.
Can People Actually Hack Into Smart Locks?
Yes — and security researchers have demonstrated it repeatedly in controlled settings. Smart locks communicate wirelessly, and wireless communication creates attack surfaces that a traditional mechanical deadbolt does not have. Understanding the specific ways people can hack into smart locks is the first step toward choosing the right product and configuring it safely.
That said, the risk is not equal for all locks or all users. A well-configured smart lock from a reputable manufacturer with current firmware, a strong app account password, and two-factor authentication enabled represents a very different risk profile than a budget lock still running its factory default PIN from two years ago. The goal of this guide is to help you land firmly in the first category.
📝 Note: The attack methods described in this article are based on publicly documented security research. Unauthorized access to any home or lock is illegal. This information is shared to help homeowners make informed purchasing, setup, and configuration decisions about their own property.
The Main Ways People Hack Into Smart Locks
When people ask whether they can hack into smart locks, they are usually thinking about a single dramatic method. In practice, attackers use several different approaches depending on the lock type, its connection method, and the owner’s configuration habits.
Bluetooth Signal Interception and Replay
The majority of smart locks use Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to communicate with your smartphone. When you tap “unlock” in the app, your phone transmits a short-range encrypted signal to the lock. An attacker within range can use off-the-shelf radio equipment to capture that signal. If the lock does not use rolling authentication tokens — meaning a captured signal is usable only once — the stored signal can be replayed later to unlock the door without the original phone.
Better-designed locks defend against this by requiring a one-time cryptographic challenge on every unlock attempt, making replayed signals worthless. This is one of the specific technical features worth asking about or researching before purchase.
Credential Theft Through the Cloud Account
Wi-Fi and cloud-connected smart locks route commands through a manufacturer’s server. If an attacker obtains your app login credentials — through credential stuffing using passwords stolen from unrelated data breaches, phishing emails, or weak password guessing — they can potentially control your lock remotely from anywhere in the world without ever being near your home.
This is a frequently underappreciated way people can hack into smart locks because it requires no specialized hardware — just a stolen password and an internet connection. Using a unique password for your lock app and enabling two-factor authentication are the two most effective countermeasures.
🔑 How a Typical Smart Lock Attack Unfolds — Step by Step
Practical guide only. Each numbered step is a point where correct configuration can interrupt the attack chain before access is achieved.
Brute-Force PIN Entry
Keypad-equipped smart locks let users enter a numeric PIN to unlock the door. If the lock does not limit incorrect entries — triggering a lockout or alarm after a set number of failed attempts — an attacker can methodically test combinations. Short PINs (four digits) can be tried thousands of times over many visits. Attackers also look for smudge patterns left on the keypad by oily fingers to narrow down which digits are used in the code.
Most current smart locks from established brands include auto-lockout protection. Always confirm this feature is present and enabled in your lock’s settings — do not assume it is active by default.
Relay Attacks on Auto-Unlock and Proximity Features
Some smart locks include an “auto-unlock” feature that senses your phone’s Bluetooth signal as you approach and unlocks the door automatically. Attackers can place two low-cost radio devices between you and your lock — one close to the lock, one near you in a parking lot, coffee shop, or public space — to relay your phone’s proximity signal to the door as if you were standing in front of it. The lock cannot distinguish the relayed signal from a genuine proximity event.
People can hack into smart locks using relay attacks even without stealing credentials or decoding encrypted communications. The mitigation is to disable auto-unlock in dense public areas or to choose a lock that requires GPS location confirmation in addition to Bluetooth presence before it opens.
Unpatched Firmware Vulnerabilities
Manufacturers regularly find and patch security flaws in smart lock firmware. If your lock’s software is not updated, those documented exploits remain open. Several smart lock models have had publicly disclosed firmware vulnerabilities — including cases where a crafted Bluetooth command forced an unlock — that were fixed in patches but remained on devices where auto-update was turned off or unavailable.
A lock that does not support over-the-air (OTA) firmware updates carries permanent vulnerability risk for any flaw discovered after manufacture. The CISA recommends treating IoT firmware updates as a routine part of home network maintenance. You can review CISA’s guidance at CISA’s Connected Device Security Resources.
Attack Method Exposure by Smart Lock Connection Type
What Makes Certain Smart Locks Easier Targets
Not every smart lock carries the same exposure. Several product and configuration factors strongly influence how easily people could hack into a particular model.
No Over-the-Air Firmware Updates
A lock that cannot receive firmware patches remotely will permanently carry any vulnerability discovered after manufacture. Even if the manufacturer develops a fix, devices without OTA capability may require manual updates that most homeowners never perform — or no update path at all. Always confirm OTA update support before purchasing.
No Two-Factor Authentication on the App
If the manufacturer’s app does not support two-factor authentication, a stolen password is all that stands between an attacker and full remote access to your lock. This is one of the most commonly exploited gaps. Some older smart lock apps still do not offer 2FA as of recent reviews — check before you buy.
Weak or Static Encryption
Some earlier smart lock models used static encryption keys — meaning the same key was used on every device of that model — or basic obfuscation instead of true encryption. Security researchers found that some locks transmitted credentials in near-plaintext format. Modern models from established manufacturers should use AES-128 encryption or stronger. The NIST Cybersecurity Framework advises consumers to verify that IoT devices use industry-standard encryption before connecting them to home networks. See NIST Cybersecurity Guidance for general reference.
Failing Open on Battery Death
Some smart locks default to an unlocked state when the battery dies. This is a physical vulnerability — cutting or draining the battery (or simply waiting for it to expire) forces the door open. Always check the lock’s fail-safe behavior in the product documentation and keep fresh batteries installed. A lock that fails closed when power is lost is the safer design.
📊 Relative Security Impact: Smart Lock Protection Layers
Practical priority guide only — not scientific data. Wider bar = stronger protective impact for most home setups.
How to Protect Your Smart Lock Against Hacking Attempts
The good news is that the most effective protections are also the most accessible. Work through the following steps in order — the early steps provide the greatest practical improvement for most homeowners.
💡 Tip: Before buying a smart lock, search the specific model name plus “security vulnerability” or “CVE” online. A manufacturer that has identified and publicly patched vulnerabilities is often a more trustworthy choice than one with no vulnerability disclosure record — active monitoring and transparent patching are positive signs in a supplier.
Privacy Considerations: What Data Your Smart Lock Collects
Beyond the question of whether people can hack into smart locks at the hardware level, there is a parallel privacy question about the data these devices collect and where it is stored. Entry logs, timestamp records, associated user accounts, and app usage patterns can reveal when you are home, when you leave, and who visits — information that is sensitive even outside of a direct hacking scenario.
The FTC advises homeowners to review the privacy policy of any smart home device before purchase to understand what data is collected, how long it is stored, and whether it is shared with advertising networks or other third parties. Look specifically for options to delete historical access logs and opt out of analytics data collection if offered.
🔒 Privacy Decision Path: Cloud-Connected vs. Local Smart Lock Storage
Unlock remotely, share digital guest codes, view entry logs from anywhere. Check the manufacturer’s privacy policy for data retention practices. Enable 2FA. Understand that a cloud outage may temporarily affect remote features.
Entry logs and access data stay on a local hub (such as Home Assistant or SmartThings). No external server required for core operation. Trade-off: fewer remote features without additional configuration.
This decision path is a general guide. Your specific home setup and comfort with cloud services should inform the final choice.
Smart Lock Warning Signs and Their Likely Causes
What Experienced Smart Home Owners Check That Beginners Miss
When people first install a smart lock, they typically focus on the app experience, keypad feel, and whether it looks good on the door. Experienced smart home users dig deeper — specifically into the security architecture and the manufacturer’s long-term support commitment.
🚨 Pre-Purchase Security Red-Flag Checklist
Run through this before buying or configuring any smart lock. Each flagged item represents a meaningful security gap.
Security researchers regularly discover new vulnerabilities. A lock that cannot be patched remotely carries permanent exposure for any flaw found after manufacture.
Without two-factor authentication, a stolen or guessed password gives an attacker complete remote control of the lock account. This is one of the main ways people gain unauthorized access to cloud-connected locks.
A fail-open design means the door unlocks automatically when the battery dies. Attackers can exploit this by waiting for the battery to deplete or by physically interfering with power. Confirm fail-safe behavior before purchase.
Without an auto-lockout after failed PIN attempts, brute-force entry becomes viable given enough time. Confirm this feature exists and is enabled — not just available — in the lock’s settings.
If the manufacturer does not have a published responsible disclosure policy, security researchers have no clear channel to report flaws. This limits independent security oversight of the product.
Without a tamper-evident access log, you cannot detect unauthorized entry attempts or review who accessed the lock and when. Activity logs are a basic tool for catching problems early.
Safe Configuration vs. Risky Configuration
⚠ Warning: A smart lock installed on a hollow-core door, a door with a poorly fitted frame, or a door with exposed exterior hinges can still be defeated physically — regardless of how secure the digital components are. Always assess the full door, frame, and strike plate before relying on any lock for home security. Physical door reinforcement and digital security work together.
Smart Locks With Stronger Security Feature Sets
The locks listed below have received consistent coverage in security-focused consumer reviews for their firmware update practices, encryption approaches, and access control features. They are mentioned here for general reference. Always verify current features, firmware update status, and app 2FA availability directly with the manufacturer before purchasing.
Schlage Encode Plus Smart Deadbolt
May support home security routines with a built-in alarm, Apple Home Key support, and widely noted AES-128 encryption. Frequently cited in security-focused reviews for consistent firmware update practices and an ANSI Grade 1 mechanical cylinder. Verify current features and 2FA availability on the manufacturer’s site before purchasing.
Yale Assure Lock 2 with Wi-Fi
Can help with access monitoring through its built-in Wi-Fi module (no bridge required), auto-lockout after failed PIN attempts, and two-factor authentication support in the Yale Access app. Noted in consumer coverage for its clear activity log and time-limited guest code tools. Confirm app 2FA availability and current firmware status before purchase.
August Wi-Fi Smart Lock (4th Gen)
May make daily access management easier through its retrofit design — fits over your existing deadbolt without replacing exterior hardware, which is useful for renters seeking landlord permission. Includes DoorSense door-position detection and time-limited guest code sharing. Review current firmware update history and encryption details on the manufacturer’s page before purchasing.
Smart Lock Type Best Fit by Household and Use Case
🏠 Smart Lock Fit Guide by Household Type
Single-Family Homeowner
Wi-Fi or Bluetooth lock with 2FA enabled. Choose one with OTA firmware updates, an ANSI Grade 1 or Grade 2 cylinder, and a physical backup key option. Prioritize a manufacturer with an active security disclosure record.
Apartment Renter
A retrofit Bluetooth lock that installs over the existing deadbolt without permanent door modification is often the right fit. Confirm landlord approval before installing. Disable auto-unlock in dense multi-unit buildings to reduce relay attack risk.
Short-Term Rental Host
A Wi-Fi lock with time-limited guest codes is the practical standard for Airbnb and VRBO properties. Codes should expire automatically at checkout. Choose a model with a full activity log so arrivals and departures can be confirmed remotely.
Smart Home Enthusiast
A Z-Wave or Zigbee lock paired with a local hub (Home Assistant or SmartThings) provides maximum local control and minimal cloud dependency. Integrates with automations, voice assistants, and security sensors without relying on a manufacturer’s cloud service for basic operation.
General guide only. Your specific door type, building setup, and technical comfort level should inform the final decision.
Common Smart Lock Mistakes vs. Better Practices
When to Contact a Professional About Smart Lock Security
🛡 Safety Note: Most standard smart lock installations — replacing a deadbolt on a residential door — are within the ability of a careful DIY homeowner and do not require licensed electrical work. However, the following situations may require professional involvement:
- The lock needs to integrate with a hardwired alarm or access control panel, which may require a licensed electrician or alarm contractor
- The installation is in a commercial property, rental building, or any space subject to fire egress or building code requirements
- The door requires frame modification, significant drilling, or structural reinforcement
- You suspect your lock has already been compromised and need a professional security assessment
📞 When to Contact a Professional:
- Your lock is wired into a hardwired alarm system or commercial access control panel
- You manage access for a multi-unit rental property — consult a licensed locksmith or security contractor
- The door frame is damaged, non-standard, or fire-rated
- You believe your smart lock account or device has been compromised and need a professional security review
- Local building codes in your area require permits or inspections for access control modifications
Frequently Asked Questions
Can people hack into smart locks without being near the house?
Yes — with Wi-Fi and cloud-connected smart locks, remote access attacks are possible through stolen app account credentials. This typically occurs through credential stuffing using passwords taken from unrelated data breaches, rather than a direct wireless attack on the lock. Enabling two-factor authentication and using a unique password on your lock app account are the most effective defenses against remote hacking attempts.
Are Bluetooth smart locks safer from hacking than Wi-Fi locks?
Each type has different strengths and weaknesses. Bluetooth locks have a shorter operating range and no cloud server dependency, which reduces remote attack exposure. But they are more vulnerable to nearby relay attacks and Bluetooth signal capture if older models are used. Wi-Fi locks offer remote access convenience but are internet-exposed and cloud-dependent, making account credential protection more critical. In both cases, strong passwords, 2FA, and current firmware matter more than connection type alone.
How would I know if someone tried to hack my smart lock?
Check the lock’s activity log regularly for unexpected unlock events or repeated failed PIN attempts at unusual hours. Also watch for app login notifications from unfamiliar locations, unexplained battery drain, or the lock opening without any app or keypad input. If you notice any of these signs, change your PIN and account password immediately, revoke all guest access codes, and review all authorized user accounts in the app.
Is auto-unlock a security risk I should be worried about?
Auto-unlock introduces relay attack risk, particularly in apartments, parking garages, and other dense public spaces where an attacker can bring a relay device close to you without your knowledge. The relay amplifies your phone’s Bluetooth signal and tricks the lock into thinking you are standing at the door. If you use auto-unlock, look for a lock that also requires GPS geofencing confirmation before unlocking. In high-density urban areas, consider disabling auto-unlock entirely and using the keypad or app manually instead.
Do smart locks still work when the internet goes down?
It depends on the lock type. Bluetooth-only locks generally continue working via the companion app as long as your phone is nearby, since they do not require an internet connection for local operation. Wi-Fi and cloud-connected locks may lose remote access features during an outage but can often still be operated locally via the keypad. Z-Wave and Zigbee locks connected to a local hub typically continue working during internet outages. Always confirm the offline behavior of a specific model before purchasing, and keep a physical backup key or entry method available.
What happens to a smart lock if the manufacturer stops supporting it?
Cloud-dependent smart locks may lose remote access features or stop functioning entirely if the manufacturer’s servers go offline or the company closes. Before purchasing, check whether the lock supports local operation without the cloud, whether a third-party hub integration (Z-Wave or Zigbee) provides a fallback, and whether the manufacturer has published any end-of-life or cloud shutdown policy. Locks from established companies with long market histories generally carry lower long-term support risk.
Should I keep a physical backup key if I use a smart lock?
Yes — for most homeowners, keeping a physical backup key is a sound practice. Many smart locks include a key cylinder as a backup entry method for dead batteries, app failures, or internet outages. Store the spare key in a secure location (never under a doormat or in an obvious outdoor location). Locks without a physical key option should have a clearly defined low-battery alert system and a confirmed battery replacement procedure before you rely on them as your only entry method.
Final Thoughts: Informed Choices Make Smarter Locks Safer
People can hack into smart locks — the security research record is clear on that. But the practical risk for a well-configured lock from a reputable manufacturer is meaningfully different from an unpatched, default-credential device on an open network. The vulnerabilities are real, but most of them are addressable through decisions you can make today: a strong unique password, two-factor authentication, current firmware, a proper PIN with lockout protection, and a separated IoT network segment.
No lock — smart or traditional — can offer an absolute guarantee. What smart lock security choices actually offer is a way to manage and reduce risk with the tools available to you as a homeowner or renter.
Professional note: For complex installations involving hardwired alarm systems, multi-unit buildings, or commercial access control, consult a licensed locksmith or security contractor. Always review local building codes before making permanent modifications to any door or frame.